PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND
STRATEGIC/INTERACTIONAL THERAPY IN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION.
Author: Frank Suitbert
Department of Counseling and Psychology.
Teofilo Kisanji University.
1.Phenomenological Therapy in
Behavioral Problems
Phenomenological
is a philosophical doctrine that advocates that the basis of psychology or
psychotherapy is the scientific study of immediate experience (Young, 2010). In
psychotherapy, phenomenological approaches are those that seek understanding
through inquiry into the subjective and perceptual life of a client and which
trust that such an inward looking approach will speak out for itself (
Brazzier, 1991). Phenomenology is thus almost at the opposite and the spectrum
of psychotherapy from behaviorism, now often called Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
(CBT), and also quite distinct from the various analytical approaches, example
Freud, Jung, and Berne (transaction analysis) that seek understand by imposing
their own theoretical schema upon the clients’ subjectivity (Young, 2010).
This
approach of phenomenology was founded by philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859-
1938) and Martin Heidegger (Young, 2010). Young (2010), Husserl argue that it
was necessary to examine the bedrock of experience, because it was there, in
our emotions, actions and perceptions of things and relationships that
ultimately true understanding could be derived. Phenomenology tries to identify
those parts of experience that are unique to individuals as well as those
invariants that are part of human condition
Phenomenological therapy is a discipline that helps people stand aside from
their usual way of thinking so that they can tell the difference between what
is actually being perceived and felt in the current situation and was residual(
Idhe,1977 ).
Phenomenological
therapy is a discipline that identify and enhance direct, immediately
experience and to reduce distortion of bias and prior learning. An important
aspect of phenomenological discipline is methodically awareness reducing bias
as much as possible, especially bias about what is valid data, bias of what is
real (Yontef, 2002).
Strategic/interactional
therapy in behavior modification
Strategic/ therapy attempt to attempt to
identify the client’s strengths and actively create personal and environmental
situations where success can be achieved. It focuses on individual’s strengths
rather than pathology, the relationship to the therapist is essential, and
intervention are based on client self determination with the community serving
as a resource rather than obstacle. Interactional therapy is based on the
assumption that problems can best be understood by examining client’s (often
dysfunctional) interactions with others and their resulting problems. Strategic
therapy is a form of interaction therapy because it does not focus on the root
causes of the client’s problems but instead tries to increase competence and
develop problem-solving skills that will help the client in their interaction
with others. The strategic therapy is the broader term which allows solution
focused therapy which is certainly interactional. The consensus panel believes
that these therapeutic approaches are potentially useful for client’s with
substance abuse disorders and should be introduced to offer new knowledge and
techniques for treatment providers to consider (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6493/briefintervansandbrieftherapies-for-substance-abuse).
Halley
(2013), argue that, strategic therapy is any type of therapy where the therapist initiates
what happens during therapy and designs particular approaches to each problem.
Halley (2013) argue that strategic therapy is not a particular approach or
theory but a name for the type of therapy where the therapist takes
responsibility for directly influencing people. According to Halley (2013), a
therapist on strategic therapy must employ the following;
- · Identify solvable problems
- · Set goals
- · Designs interventions to achieve those goals
- · Examine the responses
- · Examine the outcome of the therapy.
When to be used these strategic/interactional
therapies a phenomenological therapy.
The
strategic therapy particularly family therapy is used when there are Hispanic
behavioral problems and drug using to the youth. Example, marijuana use,
cocaine, tobacco etc. Other problem like adolescent conducting problem and
delinquency (Santisteban, 2003).
Interactional
therapy particularly parental-child interactional therapy is used when there is
abusive families and oppositional children and has been shown as effective with
physically abusive parents.
Parental-child
interactional therapy is a model that has demonstrated success with children
with oppositional defiant disorder that has recently been applied to children
with autism (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parent-child-interaction-therapy).
Phenomenological
therapy is used when a client or individual stand aside from their usual way of
thinking and the therapist has responsibility to bring him/her in a real word
of thinking.
REFERENCES
Young
C (2010) A phenomenological Model in the
practice of psychotherapy. United Kingdom
Brazier,
D.D (1991) Phenomenology In Counselling and psychotherapy. Amida trust
paper.
Jay Halley (2013) The Strategic Therapist, an
article. Retrieved at (www.jay-halley-on-therapy.com/html/strategic-therapy.html)
in Monday 18/11/ 2013.
Santisteban
D.A (2003) Efficancy of brief Strategic
family therapy.In modifying Hispanic adolescent behavior problems and
substace use. University press; USA.
www.takesoftherapy.wordplace.com/tag/existential-phenomenological-therapy.
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